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“Responsive Feeding” or “Feeding-on-demand” is one of the steps to “successful breastfeeding”. “Feeding-on-demand” means that you start feeding your baby when he is hungry and that you don’t limit breastfeeding times. It is therefore important to know when your baby is hungry. In this handout I will explain different ways in which your baby tells you that he wants to be fed.
“顺应喂养”或“按需哺乳”是支持母亲实施母乳喂养的方法。什么叫“按需哺乳”呢？意思就是宝宝想要吃奶的时候就喂奶，不要限制母乳喂养的次数。在这个手册中我会解释如何知道宝宝的饥饿时间到了。
One of the biggest concerns for new parents is whether or not mom’s milk is enough and if the breastfeeding baby really is full. In this handout some guidelines to help you know if your baby is eating well.
Pregnancy is a time of joy, anticipation, choices, questions, and perhaps uncertainties and concerns. One of the many choices you will have to make is: How am I going to feed our baby? In this handout you can read some common misunderstandings, and interesting facts about breastfeeding that might help you make an informed decision.
妊娠期往往充满了喜悦、期待、选择、疑问，也可能还有不确定和担忧。毕竟，你现在要对在自己体内的新生命负责了。你想要为孩子选择最好的。比如，我应该如何喂养我们的宝宝？在这个手册中能了解关于母乳喂养一些常见的“误解”以及关于母乳喂养和人工喂养的知识。
During pregnancy your body prepares itself for breastfeeding. Even though breastfeeding is a very natural and logical result of pregnancy, it is also “an art that needs to be learned”. In this handout information on how you can prepare for breastfeeding.
妊娠期，你的身体便开始做好哺乳的准备。虽然母乳喂养是妊娠的一个自然而然的结果，但它似乎也是“一门需要学习的艺术”。该如何做好母乳喂养的准备呢？在这个手册中我会提出一些建议。
The WHO and UNICEF encourage skin-to-skin (STS) contact between mother and baby soon after birth, and helping mothers to put their baby to the breast right away. “Three Early, One Late” is a term used in Chinese. It stands for “Early STS contact, early suckling, early breastfeeding, and late cord clamping”. In this handout I will explain what “STS contact” means and what the benefits of STS contact with your baby are.
世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会鼓励产后不久即开始皮肤接触，帮助母亲立刻怀抱婴儿开始喂奶。“三早一晚”是中国人所用的一个说法，指的是“早皮肤接触、早吸吮乳房、早开始喂奶、晚戒断脐带”。在这个手册中我会解释“早皮肤接触”的意思，皮肤接触和母乳喂养的关系以及皮肤接触的好处。
The breastfeeding experience starts with your choice: Am I going to breastfeed or bottle feed my baby? Once you have chosen to breastfeed your baby, you can start preparing yourself during pregnancy. In this handout I will use five of the UNICEF and WHO “Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding” to help you understand what to keep in mind as you start up breastfeeding.
母乳喂养从你的选择开始：你准备给孩子吃母乳还是配方奶粉？当你做出决定以后，怀孕时就能开始为母乳喂养做好准备。在这个手册中我用世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会制定的“成功促进母乳喂养十项措施”帮助你了解如何顺利开始喂奶。
Your body prepares itself to feed the baby during pregnancy. You will notice that your breasts are changing. You even start producing milk whilst pregnant. Once the baby and the placenta are born, there are hormonal changes that will further influence milk production and secretion. Putting the baby to the breasts right after birth and frequently afterwards will not only allow the baby to get plenty of the very valuable colostrum, but will also stimulate the milk to come in. Later milk production will be controlled by the “demand=supply” principle. In this handout I will explain these different phases of the milk production process.
你的身体在妊娠期就做好母乳喂养的准备。你会意识到自己乳房的变化。怀孕时你其实已经开始产生奶。宝宝和胎盘出生后的激素变化影响乳房产生并分泌乳汁。早开始喂奶以及勤哺乳不但确保新生儿得到足够宝贵的初乳，也能促进奶下来得快。之后的产奶被“寻求=供应”的原则所控制。在这个手册中我会解释乳汁产生的这几个部分。
A c-section can make initiating breastfeeding a bit more difficult, but there is no reason that nursing can’t be successful. In this handout information about the challenges of breastfeeding after a c-section and how to overcome these.
If for any reason you do not have enough milk, try the recommendations in this handout. If you are consistent, you will likely see an improvement within a few days. Although it may take a month or more to bring your supply up to meet your baby’s needs.
如果你产的奶量少，请遵循这个手册中的建议。坚持几天之后状况就很有可能有明显的改善。为了增加你的奶量来满足宝宝的需求可能需要约一个月多的时间，但是在这个过程中，你会看到稳定的、逐渐的改善。
Even though a mother can produce good quality and enough breast milk, even when her supply of nutrients is limited, a healthy and well-balanced diet is important to assure good recovery after the birth of the baby and enough energy to help cope with the changes of life. So, what does a healthy diet consist of? Are there certain foods a breastfeeding mother should avoid? What other things should she keep in mind? You will find information about these questions in this handout.
有些营养不良的母亲依然能够产生质量好并且足够的乳汁。当然，这并不是说母亲加强营养不重要。为了保证你的健康以及促进产后良好的恢复，建议你吃得合理全面，并且喝足够的水。什么叫“合理全面的营养”呢？喂奶的母亲需要忌口吗？在饮食方面她需要注意些什么？在这个 手册中我会讨论这些问题 。
When pumping breast milk, you will need to consider how to store and handle the milk in the cleanest and safest way. In this handout some guidelines.
When using a pump to express milk, you might think that the pump should do all of the milk-removal work. However, using your hands before, during and after pumping (also called “hands-on pumping”), can make a big difference; You may remove as much as double the amount of milk. So, how does it work? In this handout a step-to-step guide to hands-on pumping.
在使用吸奶器吸奶时，你可能会认为吸奶器可以完成所有的吸奶工作。 但是，在吸奶之前、吸奶期间和吸奶之后用手按摩和挤压乳房(也称为“手动吸奶”)可以产生很大的不同; 你可以吸出多达两倍的奶。在这个手册中给你介绍如何“手动吸奶”。
There is a great variety of breast pumps on the market. It can be quite overwhelming, making it hard to choose the right pump for you. I hope that the information in this handout will help you make the right choice.
When using a breast pump, it is important to maintain high standards of hygiene to prevent infection. Instructions on how to clean your pump are given in this handout.
Perhaps you plan to breastfeed your baby, but then a situation occurs where you have to give your baby a bottle. Even in these situations it is best to give the baby your milk. You can do this by expressing breast milk. Expressing breast milk won’t only allow you to give your milk to your baby, but it will also help to establish and maintain a good milk supply. Expressing breast milk is a skill that you need to learn. In this handout you can read information on how to help you to be effective when expressing milk.
也许你准备喂母乳，但是因医疗原因需要给宝宝补奶。即使是在这些情况下，最好还是能给宝宝吃你的奶。你可以通过吸奶来这样做。吸奶不仅可以给你的宝宝提供母乳，也可以建立和维持好母乳量。吸奶是一门你需要学习的技术。在这个手册中你可以阅读关于如何帮助你有效吸奶的信息。
Breast milk is the optimal nutrition for any baby, especially for the premature and sick baby! If your baby was born too early, your milk adapts to the higher needs of the baby. Breastfeeding or giving breast milk to your preterm or sick baby is important for his short- and long-term health and development and it allows you a distinct role in the care of your baby. You might wonder: Should I start expressing milk, even when my baby can’t even receive milk feeds yet? When should I start expressing milk? How often? What kind of pump should I use? How should I use the pump? How much milk should I expect to express each day? How can I stimulate production when I don’t reach the required amount? In this handout I will address these questions.
母乳是任何婴儿的最佳营养，尤其是对于早产儿和体弱儿! 如果早产了，你的奶会适应一个早产儿的需求。 给早产儿以及体弱儿吃母乳对他的短期和长期健康和生长发育情况都很重要。它让你在照顾宝宝的过程中扮演独特的角色。你可能考虑:即使我的宝宝还不能吃奶，我是否应该开始吸奶？什么时候开始吸奶？每天吸几次奶？每次吸多长时间？我应该用什么样的吸奶器？如何用准确方法用吸奶器呢？每天应该吸多少奶？当吸奶的量不够，如何更多地产奶？在这个手册中我会解答这些问题。
Tongue-tie (TT), also called ankyloglossia, is when your baby’s tongue is unable to move in normal patterns due to a small band of tissue (frenulum) tying it to the floor of his mouth. During breastfeeding your baby’s tongue movements are important. Restriction of the movements of your baby’s tongue may influence breastfeeding. In this handout I will explain:
舌系带短缩是指你的宝宝的舌系带（连接口底和舌头的系带）过断、过紧或者过厚。结果是：舌头的动作有限，舌头不能正常地移动。母乳喂养时，宝宝的舌头的动作十分重要。如果舌头动作有限，舌头可能会不能牢牢地吸住乳房，从而影响母乳喂养。在这个手册中会我解释：
Your milk provides adequate nutrition for the first months of your baby’s life. As your baby grows, you might start thinking about introducing solids: When is the best time for my baby to be introduced to solid foods? How do I start? What foods do I start with? What is the best way to offer foods to the baby? Are there any foods I should avoid? How do I combine breastfeeding with solids? Read this handout to discover more about this topic.
在出生头几个月母乳的成分是全面的，能满足宝宝的营养需要。随着宝宝长大，你应该考虑添加辅食：何时开始添加辅食？如何开始？开始时应该选择什么食物？用什么方式喂宝宝？需要避免哪些食物？怎样结合母乳喂养与辅食？请通过这个手册来学习。
Most people understand and accept that a newborn needs to be fed around the clock. But after a couple of weeks or months, people might start asking whether or not your baby is sleeping through the night. If this isn’t the case yet, you might start to worry: Is my milk not good enough? Do I have too little milk? Maybe I should have already started solids? Or should I just force my baby to sleep through the night by letting him cry it out? The questions that need to be answered however are: What are realistic expectations? When can I expect my baby to sleep through the night? What can help me to cope with night feedings? Are there gentle ways to encourage my baby to sleep through the night? These are some of the questions I will discuss in this handout.
大部分人明白并且接受新生儿要全天按需哺乳。但是过了几周或者几个月后，周围的人也许就开始问你的宝宝是否在睡整觉。如果宝宝还没有这样，你也许会开始担心：是不是我的奶不够？也许我应该开始喂辅食？或者我应该忍受宝宝哭闹，强制他睡整觉吗？然而，需要回答的问题是：什么是比较现实的期许？我应该从何时开始期待宝宝睡整觉？我可以做什么帮助我度过夜间喂奶？有没有柔和的方式鼓励宝宝睡整觉？这些是我要在这个手册中讨论的问题。
Jaundice is a yellowish color of the skin and the eyes. It can be very frightening for new parents when their baby has jaundice in those first days after birth. However, understanding the facts about jaundice is very reassuring. In this handout I will explain some facts about jaundice and answer some frequently asked questions.
黄疸就是皮肤和眼睛呈黄色。父母发现自己的宝宝有黄疸时，他们可能会害怕、担心。不过，如果了解黄疸是什么情况，父母通常会放心。这个手册中解释了关于黄疸的一些事实，并且回答关于黄疸常见的问题。
You’re pregnant! Congratulations! Then you hear you’re not expecting one, but two babies. This news can arouse mixed feelings. It is quite normal to be overwhelmed. It changes your expectations and plans. It may raise many questions: Can have a normal birth? Can I breastfeed two babies? Will I be able to cope with two newborns? And then all the practical implications that need to be considered. In this handout I will especially address the topic of “Breastfeeding Twins”.
你被告知你不是怀一个而是两个孩子。这个消息可能会带给你复杂的情绪，可能会改变你的期待和计划，它也可能带来许多顾虑:我能顺产吗？我能母乳喂养两个孩子吗？我有能力同时照看他们吗？怀双胞胎会产生很多需要考虑的实际问题。在这个手册中，我会特别讨论一下母乳喂养双胞胎这一话题。